The log functions means the common logarithm. log(a) = x <=> a = 10^x. You can use the log functions if the exponent of a power of ten is wanted.

For example: 1000 = 10^x. This equation cannot be solved by doing elementary transformations. You have to use the log function. --> log(1000) = x = 3

The log(a) function can also be displayed in a coordinate system, shown in the picture below.

log.png